Why does electron velocity increase with the increase of atomic number?
I know that for atoms with big values of Z, relativistic effects have to be applied. Why does electron velocity increase with the increase of atomic number?
View ArticleHave there been no advances in the determination of effective nuclear charges...
Effective nuclear charge is a very important concept in chemistry, and is the basis for the qualitative explanation of many observed chemical and physical properties, including several periodic trends....
View ArticleHow does the electron configuration of platinum relate to its stability?
Does platinum's electron configuration, [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1, influence its reactivity and stability? Is the electron configuration the primary contributing factor to platinum's relative inertness? This...
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Shape of the P1/2 Orbital
I always thought that p-orbitals had a dumbbell shape as pictured below.(image source)However, I was reading an article (see Table 1, item 2) that says, "...the spherical $\mathrm{p_{1/2}}$...
View ArticleWhy replace c with v in Broglie hypothesis
I am in XI and I am currently studying atomic orbitals, I stumbled up and am stuck at the following step of de Broglie's hypothesis.I did a little search on-line and found almost same derivation...
View ArticleRelativistic effects and lanthanide contraction
So I understand than the lanthanide contraction is due to poor shielding of the 4f electrons which decreases the radius. However, if Im not mistaken the relativistic effects lead to a contraction of...
View ArticleImplication of completely non relativistic Hamiltonian
I am studying the Application of perturbation theory to hydrogenic atoms subject to internal or external electromagnetic fields.The very first equation it uses is the hamiltonian of hydrogenic...
View ArticleWhat is the inert pair effect?
I was reading about the p-block elements and found that the inert pair effect is mentioned everywhere in this topic. However, the book does not explain it very well. So, what is the inert pair effect?...
View ArticleRelativistic effect: d-electrons in metallorganic complexes
With higher period the d-electrons of the metal are less strong bonded and therefore oxidative addition is easier for $\ce{Ir(I)}$ than for $\ce{Rh(I)}$ and much easier than for $\ce{Co(I)}$.For metal...
View ArticleWhy are noble metals more electronegative then most metals?
I was researching about electronegativity when I looked up what a graph of electronegativity within the periodic table is. And, this appeared. I scanned it, matching up everything I knew about the...
View ArticleWhy does mercury form polycations?
For example, mercury (I) is $\ce{Hg2^2+}$ and not $\ce{Hg+}$. What causes the stability in covalently bonded $\ce{Hg}$ ions?
View ArticleWhy does mercury have low melting and boiling points?
Many metals have relatively high melting and boiling points, but mercury has relatively low melting and boiling points. What are the possible reasons for this?
View ArticleWhy is Astatine monoatomic?
I learnt that halogens always form covalent bonds to becoms diatomic molecules. So why is astatine monoatomic? I mean they have the same properties, why shouldn't they all be diatomic?
View ArticleIs it possible to hold and rotate molecules to relativistic speeds around...
Also, is it possible to see frame-shortening effects on electrostatic forces/van der waals at the edges, or are molecules too weak or necessarily neutral to be manipulated this way?
View ArticleWhy do the trends in reactivity not apply for francium?
Why is francium not included in the reactivity series? Why is potassium considered more reactive than francium?I know that reactivity increases down the group, but why does it not apply here?
View ArticleWhich is the most reactive metal: Caesium or Francium? [duplicate]
I searched on Wikipedia for reactivity series but it showed me Caesium as the most reactive metal. I know and have studied that reactivity increases as we go down the first group. Then shouldn’t it be...
View ArticleWhy is gold golden?
Bulk gold has a very characteristic warm yellow shine to it, whereas almost all other metals have a grey or silvery color. Where does this come from?I have heard that this property arises from...
View ArticleRelativistic contraction of orbitals
I am confused about what seems to me two very different explanations for the relativistic contraction of orbitals for heavy elements.My teacher told me that since 1s electrons in heavy elements travel...
View ArticleWhat common observations in chemistry were unexplainable by an early...
I was reading quite a well-known paper titled 'Relativistic Effects in Structural Chemistry' by PEKKA PYYKKO, and in it, he states that 'it was not until the 1970s that the full relevance of...
View ArticleWhy does tennessine have a larger (predicted) electron affinity than nihonium?
According to Wikipedia, tennessine has an electron affinity (EA) of $\pu{+166 kJ mol-1}$ and nihonium $\pu{+67 kJ mol-1}$.Normally this would make sense since tennessine is in group 17 and nihonium in...
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